Laura Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator, philosopher, and author. She was a leader in the history of social work and Women’s suffrage.  In 1889, Addams co-founded Hull House, one of America’s most famous settlement houses, in Chicago, Illinois, providing extensive social services to poor, largely immigrant families. Philosophically a “radical pragmatist”, she was arguably the first woman public philosopher in the United States.  In the Progressive Era, when even presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson identified themselves as reformers and might be seen as social activists, Addams was one of the most prominent reformers.^[11]

Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet 17 September 1743 – 29 March 1794), known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French political economist and mathematician.  His ideas, including support for free markets, public education, constitutional government, and equal rights for women and people of all races, have been said to embody the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment, of which he has been called the “last witness”, and Enlightenment rationalism. A critic of the constitution proposed by Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchellesin 1793, the Convention Nationale — and the Jacobin faction in particular — voted to have Condorcet arrested. He died in prison after a period of hiding from the French Revolutionary authorities.